Green soap formulation: an insight into the optimization of preparations and antifungal action

Thirunavukkarasu, Arunachalam and Nithya, Rajarathinam and Sivashankar, Raja and Sathya, Arunachalam Bose and Rangabhashiyam, Selvasembian and Pasupathi, Sivanantham Arul and Prakash, Murugan and Nishanth, Mayilvahanan (2023) Green soap formulation: an insight into the optimization of preparations and antifungal action. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY, 13.0 (1). pp. 299-310. ISSN 2190-6815

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Abstract

Ultrasound-assisted extract of Acalypha indica was used to prepare the green soap formulation. Previously, D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the mixture of oil components including coconut oil (A, 34-56%), soybean oil (B, 19-31%), castor oil (C, 14-23%), sunflower oil (D, 4-6%), and olive oil (E, 5-9%). Linear regression models were proposed to predict the responses, i.e., hardness (Y-1), iodine (Y-2), and iodine number saponification (INS) (Y-3), and validated with a high degree of statistical accuracy (F-cal > F-tab; df = 4, p < 0.0001; R-2 > 0.9950). Optimization results revealed that the formulation containing 44.57% A, 23.62% B, 17.44% C, 5.37% D, and 9.0% E would yield 41 Y-1, 62 Y-2, and 159 Y-3. The chemical properties of the optimized soap formulation were quite comparable concerning the standard soap specifications (IS13498). Further, this formulation was supplemented with Acalypha indica extract to prepare the green soap, and its antifungal activity was determined using the agar dilution method.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Green soap formulation, Acalypha indica, D-optimal mixture design, Antifungal activity
Subjects: Energy > Energy & Fuels
Engineering > Engineering
Divisions: Medicine > Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India > Biotechnology
Depositing User: Unnamed user with email techsupport@mosys.org
Last Modified: 06 Feb 2026 07:12
URI: https://ir.vmrfdu.edu.in/id/eprint/7039

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