The adhesive bonding approach is widely used in assembling of spars, stringers, ailerons, flaps, and rudders in aircraft. The present research investigated the impact of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle inclusion on the shear and free vibrational behaviour of adhesively bonded single lap joints (SLJ). The shear test results showed that the inclusion of 1.5 wt.% SiC in the epoxy resin enhanced the shear behaviour of adhesively bonded SLJ. Furthermore, the failure surfaces of adhesively bonded SiC-reinforced SLJ were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The microstructural investigation of the failure surface demonstrated that the development of rougher surfaces, plastic void enlargement, and formation of shear bands in the joint region had improved adhesion among GFRP adherends. Thus, the SiC-incorporated adhesively bonded SLJ had predominant cohesive failures. Meanwhile, the SiC-free lap joint had an adhesive failure due to lower adhesion. The vibrational results avowed that 1.5 wt.% SiC-incorporated adhesively bonded SLJ has higher natural frequencies. Results also affirmed that higher wt.% SiC-incorporated joint had better modal damping values due to nanoparticle accumulation, which increased the interaction between glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) adherends.