We report here a case of pulmonary aspergilloma that was diagnosed by sputum culture. The diagnosis of aspergilloma is most commonly based on the chest X-ray showing a cavity with an air-crescent sign and by histopathological examination of the resected tissue. However, in our case, the typical radiological sign was absent. A 36-year-old female patient presented with history of cough, breathlessness and hemoptysis. Sputum examination was negative for acid fast bacilli and culture yielded Aspergillus fumigatus from three sputum samples. With a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma, the patient was referred to a higher center for further management.