This study examines how diversity, equity, inclusivity, and accessibility are understood and practiced in Indian academic libraries. A survey of 214 professionals across institutional types shows high conceptual awareness of inclusivity and diversity but lower engagement with equity and accessibility. Only 22.9% report formal diversity, equity, inclusivity, and accessibility training and 35% report active involvement, revealing an awareness–action gap. Factor analysis identifies two strong dimensions shaping outcomes: perceived challenges (limited training, policy voids, staff resistance, weak community engagement) and institutional support (leadership prioritization, resources, funding, feedback mechanisms). The differences by gender, age, and role are minimal; education level relates to perceptual variation. Overall, institutional deficits, rather than individual attitudes, impede implementation. The study recommends mandatory, context-sensitive training, leadership advocacy, policy integration, and systematic user feedback to translate awareness into measurable diversity, equity, inclusivity, and accessibility practice in Indian academic libraries. © The Author(s) 2025