Despite reductions in under-five mortality, neonatal mortality remains high in India due to newborn care practices. A community-based cross-sectional study in Bangalore slums interviewed 220 mothers within 15 days of delivery. 92% institutional deliveries, 8% home deliveries. Harmful practices like delayed breastfeeding, discarding colostrum, and prelacteal feeds were observed. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare provider training and maternal education on clean delivery and early neonatal care. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.