Basic and applied research are two traditional categories of research. Fundamental research enhances understanding of health-related conditions but does not directly translate into clinical applications. Applied research facilitates development of diagnostic tools and medications, bridging basic science with clinical practice. Translational research aims to move from “bench to bedside” by integrating molecular biology with clinical trials. This connection between academics and medical sciences fosters creation of intellectual property and innovative healthcare solutions. Surgeons must develop scientific skills to study, question, and implement findings in practice. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.