Ensuring the security of web applications is paramount in safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining user trust. This study presents a comprehensive overview of strategies for building and maintaining secure web applications, acknowledging their inherent limitations and outlining potential areas for future work. The strategies discussed encompass fundamental aspects of web application security, including input validation and sanitization, robust authentication and authorization mechanisms, secure communication through HTTPS, timely security patching, implementation of security headers, monitoring and logging, client-side security measures, and vigilance in handling third-party components.. This research employed algorithms include Routing Algorithms, Middleware Execution Order Algorithms, Eloquent ORM Algorithms, Encryption and Hashing Algorithms, Session Handling Algorithms, Queue Management Algorithms, and Dependency Injection Algorithms. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.