Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in Madurai, Tamil Nadu using a questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was carried out for two months among 300 head and neck cancer patients at a tertiary cancer center in Madurai. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a pretested, self‑structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: Of 300 head and neck cancer patients, the mean age of the patients was about 51.04 ± 16.49 years. The majority of the patients were male (80%), employed (85%), and literate (65%). Among the head and neck cancer patients, 65% were tobacco users and 42.4% were alcohol consumers. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of head and neck cancer, and 79.7% were diagnosed at an advanced stage of said cancer, such as stages III and IV. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and awareness is a major cause of increasing prevalence of head and neck cancer in our country. It is most important to increase the knowledge and awareness of early symptom recognition and its seriousness among the general population. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.